Skip to content
Institute for Economics

Game Theory

Mathematical models of strategic interaction among rational decision-makers.

The Nash Equilibrium

A state where no player can improve their outcome by unilaterally changing their strategy, assuming the other players' strategies remain unchanged.

Prisoner's DilemmaB Stays SilentB Betrays
A Stays Silent-1, -1-3, 0
A Betrays0, -3-2, -2 (Nash)

The tragedy of the Prisoner's Dilemma is that rational self-interest leads to a globally suboptimal outcome.